ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evaluation of the cytogenetic profile in patients with acute leukaemia
1
KSHEMA Centre for Genetic Services, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be) University, Deralakatte, Manglore, (Karnataka), India
2
Department of Medical Oncology, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be) University, Deralakatte,
Manglore, (Karnataka), India
3
Department of Pathology, KS. Hegde Medical Academy/Nitte (Deemed to be) University, Deralakatte, Manglore, (Karnataka), India
4
Dr Lal PathLab, Bengaluru, India
5
Department of Medical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be) University, Deralakatte, Manglore, (Karnataka), India
Submission date: 2023-05-01
Acceptance date: 2023-06-21
Publication date: 2023-07-14
Corresponding author
D. Prashanth Shetty
Prashanth Shetty, PhD, Professor and Coordinator KSHEMA Centre for Genetic Services KS. Hegde Medical Academy Nitte (Deemed to be University) Deralakatte-575018 Manglore (Karnataka), India
Prashanth Shetty, PhD, Professor and Coordinator KSHEMA Centre for Genetic Services KS. Hegde Medical Academy Nitte (Deemed to be University) Deralakatte-575018 Manglore (Karnataka), India
Pol J Pathol 2023;74(2):89-97
KEYWORDS
acute leukaemiaacute myeloid leukaemiaacute lymphocytic leukaemiakaryotypingfluorescence in situ hybridization
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Acute leukaemia (AL) is a heterogeneous neoplastic disease that occurs by the growth of abnormal lymphoid and myeloid cells in the bone marrow and blood leading to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL). Conventional cytogenetics is a characteristic technique to hunch chromosomal abnormalities, it helps in the diagnosis and therapeutic approach of the disease by the molecular cytogenetics technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Chromosomal abnormalities in AL are performed by karyotyping to confirm specific chromosomal abnormalities using FISH.
The descriptive study included 42 clinically diagnosed AL patients. Karyotyping analysis was performed using the standard Giemsa banding procedure. To confirm specific chromosomal abnormalities and all culture failure (CF) cases, FISH was done.
Among 42 cases, 29 (69.4%) males and 13 (30.9%) females, AML comprised 22 (52.38%) cases, ALL 14 (33.33%) cases, and AL 6 (14.2%) cases. Normal karyotype was found in 18 (42.85%), abnormal karyotype in 16 (39.09%), and 8 (19.09%) were CF. Specific abnormalities of t(15;17), hyperdiploidy; t(3;3) with monosomy 7 in; del(9q22); del(2p); del(17p); del(Xq); 1~2 dmin; der(3); +11, +13 and composite karyotype. Hypodiploidy was strongly associated with AL, which signifies the loss of chromosomes causing potential risk.
Composite karyotype, rare t(3;3) double minutes, +11,+13, del(9q), and del(Xq) were the novel findings reported in the South Canara region of Karnataka. Despite other molecular techniques, conventional cytogenetics remains the baseline in the diagnosis of malignancies.
The descriptive study included 42 clinically diagnosed AL patients. Karyotyping analysis was performed using the standard Giemsa banding procedure. To confirm specific chromosomal abnormalities and all culture failure (CF) cases, FISH was done.
Among 42 cases, 29 (69.4%) males and 13 (30.9%) females, AML comprised 22 (52.38%) cases, ALL 14 (33.33%) cases, and AL 6 (14.2%) cases. Normal karyotype was found in 18 (42.85%), abnormal karyotype in 16 (39.09%), and 8 (19.09%) were CF. Specific abnormalities of t(15;17), hyperdiploidy; t(3;3) with monosomy 7 in; del(9q22); del(2p); del(17p); del(Xq); 1~2 dmin; der(3); +11, +13 and composite karyotype. Hypodiploidy was strongly associated with AL, which signifies the loss of chromosomes causing potential risk.
Composite karyotype, rare t(3;3) double minutes, +11,+13, del(9q), and del(Xq) were the novel findings reported in the South Canara region of Karnataka. Despite other molecular techniques, conventional cytogenetics remains the baseline in the diagnosis of malignancies.
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